Medieval History: The Crusades and Key Figures

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Crusades

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A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia fought for control of the Holy Land from 1096-1291.

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Holy Land

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The region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea where Jesus lived, preached and died.

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Pope Urban II

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Medieval pope, he called on Christians to launch the first Crusade.

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King Richard I

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King of England, led Christian soldiers in the third Crusade.

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Saladin

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Muslim general, he led the Muslim forces during the third crusade.

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Pope Gregory VII

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Powerful medieval pope, he fought with Henry IV over power to choose church officials.

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Emperor Henry IV

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Holy Roman Emperor, fought against Gregory VII over the power to choose church officials.

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Clergy

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Church officials.

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Religious Order

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A group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules.

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Pope Innocent III

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Most important Pope of the middle ages, was responsible for the IV Crusade 1202-1204.