AP Bio Review - Unit III (Energetics)

Front

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Back

The Calvin Cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions.

Front

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Back

The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, which is the innermost compartment of the mitochondria.

Front

What is photolysis in photosynthesis?

Back

Photolysis is the process in photosynthesis where water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons, providing the electrons needed for the light-dependent reactions.

Front

Which color of light is most effective for photosynthesis?

Back

Red light is most effective for photosynthesis as it is absorbed by chlorophyll and used in the light reactions.

Front

What is the source of oxygen produced in photosynthesis?

Back

The oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis comes from the splitting of water molecules during photolysis.

Front

Define glycolysis.

Back

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process.

Front

What role do chlorophyll pigments play in photosynthesis?

Back

Chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Front

Explain the significance of ATP in cellular processes.

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions, including muscle contraction and active transport.

Front

What is the function of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH is a reducing agent that provides the electrons and hydrogen ions needed for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose in the Calvin Cycle.

Front

Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Back

The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.