CH 14 Test: RNA and Protein Synthesis

Front

What type of mutation causes 'sickle shaped' blood cells?

Back

Point Mutation: A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence that can lead to the production of abnormal proteins, such as hemoglobin in sickle cell disease.

Front

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

Back

Leucine (Leu): UUA is one of the codons that codes for the amino acid Leucine in the genetic code.

Front

What is the process of mRNA to a Protein called?

Back

Translation: The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is the mRNA codon that is getting translated for the amino acid in section E?

Back

GAG: This codon codes for the amino acid Glutamic acid.

Front

What is the special codon that signals the ribosome and tRNA to bring the first amino acid in a protein?

Back

Start Codon: The codon AUG, which signals the start of translation and codes for Methionine.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the mRNA codon.

Front

What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

Point Mutation: A change in a single nucleotide. Frameshift Mutation: Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that alters the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.