Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and is the first step in protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is the second step in protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.