23. DNA Replication

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

The process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself.

Front

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Back

Helicase.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

The monomer of DNA, consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What does 'semi-conservative' mean in the context of DNA replication?

Back

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Front

What are the three main components of a DNA nucleotide?

Back

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

They indicate the directionality of the DNA strand, which is important for replication and transcription.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.