DNA, chromosomes, genes and alleles

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. Example: Blue eyes.

Front

What are chromosomes made of?

Back

Chromosomes are made of DNA.

Front

Why is DNA important?

Back

DNA is important because it serves as the blueprint or instructions for traits and characteristics of all living things.

Front

What is a karyotype?

Back

A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, organized in pairs and arranged by size.

Front

What are genes?

Back

Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits or characteristics in an organism.

Front

What is the relationship between DNA and genes?

Back

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins, which determine traits.

Front

What is the role of alleles?

Back

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can produce variations in a trait.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their trait even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands twisted around each other, made up of nucleotides.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.