Hypothesis Testing WS # 1

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H₀) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default or starting assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (H₁ or Hₐ) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, and it is what the researcher aims to support.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, suggesting that an effect or difference exists.

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What does it mean to fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, indicating that any observed effect may be due to chance.

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What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true, but is incorrectly rejected. This is also known as a false positive.

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What is a Type II error?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but is incorrectly failed to be rejected. This is also known as a false negative.

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What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What is the significance level (α)?

Back

The significance level (α) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

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What is a one-tailed test?

Back

A one-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates the direction of the effect, testing for the possibility of the relationship in one direction only.

Front

What is a two-tailed test?

Back

A two-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates the possibility of the relationship in both directions, testing for any difference from the null hypothesis.