Evidence of Evolution Test Review

Front

What does it mean when two species share similar traits, such as mammals keeping their babies in a pouch?

Back

It provides evidence that they are descended from a common ancestor.

Front

Which two organisms would most likely synthesize the most similar proteins?

Back

Horse and dog, because they are closely related.

Front

What are vestigial structures?

Back

Organs found in organisms that have lost their function (leftover organs).

Front

According to a cladogram, which group of animals are birds least related to?

Back

Sharks.

Front

How can we determine the age of a fossil?

Back

By the depth of the fossil (how deep the fossil is).

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

Front

What is the significance of homologous structures in evolution?

Back

They indicate common ancestry between different species.

Front

What is the difference between analogous and homologous structures?

Back

Analogous structures have similar functions but different evolutionary origins; homologous structures have similar origins but may serve different functions.

Front

What is natural selection?

Back

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is the role of mutations in evolution?

Back

Mutations introduce new genetic variations, which can lead to evolutionary changes.