A&P Final Exam

Front

What is the pH scale a measurement of?

Back

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, ranging from 1 to 14. A pH of 1-6.9 indicates acidity (higher H+ concentration), while a pH of 7.1-14 indicates alkalinity (higher OH- concentration).

Front

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Back

The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves, connecting the central nervous system to the limbs and organs.

Front

List the levels of organization in biology from least to most complex.

Back

The levels of organization from least to most complex are: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organ systems, and organisms.

Front

What helps move proteins across the cell membrane?

Back

Various proteins embedded in the cell membrane assist in moving molecules across the membrane.

Front

What is a stable electron configuration?

Back

A stable electron configuration is typically represented as 2,8,8, indicating the arrangement of electrons in the outer shells of an atom.

Front

Define 'atom'.

Back

An atom is the basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

Front

What is a molecule?

Back

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Front

What are organelles?

Back

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct processes, such as mitochondria for energy production and ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

Define 'tissue'.

Back

Tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in an organism.

Front

What is an organ system?

Back

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform complex functions necessary for the survival of an organism.