DNA structure and replication

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).

Front

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide consists of three components: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What is Chargaff's rule?

Back

Chargaff's rule states that in a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) is equal to the amount of guanine (G).

Front

What happens during DNA replication?

Back

During DNA replication, the double helix unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two double-stranded DNA molecules.

Front

What is the significance of base pairing in DNA?

Back

Base pairing ensures that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine, which is crucial for accurate DNA replication and transcription.

Front

What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is the enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication, sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Front

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

Back

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments (Okazaki fragments) away from the fork.

Front

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer that provides a starting point for DNA Polymerase to begin DNA synthesis.

Front

What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Back

The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).