Flashcard 3(A)-Unit 5-Types of Mutations

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

Front

What are the main types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations are substitution, deletion, insertion, and inversion.

Front

Define substitution mutation.

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide.

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Define deletion mutation.

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

Define insertion mutation.

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is an inversion mutation?

Back

An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

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tRNA picks up individual amino acids and transports them to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

rRNA forms the core of the ribosome's structure and catalyzes protein synthesis.