AP Bio Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Front

What are Ion Channels?

Back

Ion Channels are proteins located in the plasma membrane that allow ions to pass through, acting as gates for the nervous system.

Front

What is a hormone?

Back

A hormone is a signaling molecule that acts long-distance, often released into the bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes.

Front

What is the correct sequence of events in signal transduction?

Back

The correct sequence is reception, transduction, and response.

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Gap junctions are cell junctions in animal cells that allow for direct communication between adjacent cells.

Front

What are plasmodesmata?

Back

Plasmodesmata are cell junctions in plant cells that facilitate communication and transport between plant cells.

Front

Define signal transduction.

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

Front

What role do receptors play in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors are proteins that bind to signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the function of second messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal.

Front

What is the difference between local and long-distance signaling?

Back

Local signaling occurs between cells in close proximity, while long-distance signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream.

Front

What is a neurotransmitter?

Back

A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.