PLTW PBS Final Review

Front

What is a deoxyribose sugar?

Back

A deoxyribose sugar is a five-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of DNA, lacking one oxygen atom compared to ribose.

Front

What is a base pair?

Back

A base pair consists of two nitrogenous bases that are connected by hydrogen bonds in the DNA structure, specifically adenine with thymine (A-T) and guanine with cytosine (G-C).

Front

What is a phosphate group?

Back

A phosphate group is a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, and it is a key component of DNA and RNA, linking nucleotides together.

Front

What are hydrogen bonds in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between the nitrogenous bases of DNA strands, holding the two strands together and allowing for the double helix structure.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the cuticle of hair?

Back

The cuticle is the outermost layer of hair, composed of overlapping cells that protect the inner layers and contribute to the hair's strength and shine.

Front

What is the cortex of hair?

Back

The cortex is the middle layer of hair, containing fibrous proteins and melanin, which gives hair its strength, color, and texture.

Front

What is the medulla of hair?

Back

The medulla is the innermost layer of hair, which may be absent in some hair types and is composed of loosely packed cells.

Front

What is a restriction site?

Back

A restriction site is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA where a restriction enzyme can cut the DNA.

Front

How many restriction sites are present if a restriction enzyme cuts twice?

Back

If a restriction enzyme cuts twice, there are two restriction sites present.