AP Chemistry Unit 2

Front

What type of hybridization does a carbon atom undergo when it forms a double bond?

Back

sp² hybridization.

Front

What is the process called when an s orbital overlaps with a p orbital to form a hybrid orbital?

Back

s orbital overlap with p orbital to form sp hybrid orbital.

Front

Which type of bond requires the most energy to break: single, double, or triple?

Back

Triple bond requires the most energy to break.

Front

Which molecule's valid Lewis structure cannot be drawn without violating the octet rule?

Back

IF₃.

Front

As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, what happens to the distance between the atoms and the strength of the bond?

Back

Distance decreases, bond strength increases.

Front

Define hybridization in chemistry.

Back

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds.

Front

What is the octet rule?

Back

The octet rule states that atoms tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons.

Front

What is a Lewis structure?

Back

A Lewis structure is a diagram that shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Front

What is the difference between sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds?

Back

Sigma bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of orbitals, while pi bonds are formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Front

What is the significance of bond length in covalent bonds?

Back

Bond length is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms; shorter bonds are generally stronger.