AP Chem Unit 4 Review

Front

What is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

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An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of one or more species are changed. It involves the transfer of electrons between two species, where one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and the other is reduced (gains electrons).

Front

Define a Brønsted-Lowry acid.

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A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance in a chemical reaction.

Front

Define a Brønsted-Lowry base.

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A Brønsted-Lowry base is a substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance in a chemical reaction.

Front

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

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A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that differ by the presence or absence of a proton (H+). The acid donates the proton, while the base accepts it.

Front

What is the significance of a precipitate in a chemical reaction?

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A precipitate is a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture during a chemical reaction, indicating that a chemical change has occurred.

Front

What is the balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and copper(II) sulfate?

Back

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

Front

What is the role of NaOH in a chemical reaction?

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NaOH (sodium hydroxide) acts as a strong base that can accept protons and participate in neutralization reactions.

Front

What happens when an acid reacts with a base?

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When an acid reacts with a base, they undergo a neutralization reaction, producing water and a salt.

Front

What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

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A physical change alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition, while a chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different properties.

Front

What is the definition of a half-reaction in redox chemistry?

Back

A half-reaction is an equation that shows either the oxidation or reduction process separately, indicating the transfer of electrons.