Genetics and Heredity

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What are dominant and recessive traits?

Back

Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present. Recessive traits are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.

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What is a Punnett Square?

Back

A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Back

Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits. Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

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What does homozygous mean?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

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What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

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What is the role of alleles in genetics?

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Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine specific traits. Each individual inherits one allele from each parent.

Front

What is the significance of environmental factors in genetics?

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Environmental factors can influence gene expression and may lead to mutations or changes in traits.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism (the alleles), while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is the principle of segregation?

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The principle of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.