DNA & Cell Cycle & Replication Flashcard

Front

What are cancer cells?

Back

Cancer cells have an abnormal function and appearance, can form masses of dysfunctional cells called tumors, divide uncontrollably, do not respond to regulatory signals, and have damaged or mutated DNA.

Front

What are the correct pairings of the nitrogen bases during DNA replication?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for the template strand 3’ TACCGATTGCA 5’?

Back

5’ ATGGCTAACGT 3’.

Front

What stage of the cell cycle is represented by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Back

Metaphase.

Front

What are the three main components of a nucleotide?

Back

1 - Nitrogen Bases, 2 - Sugar-Phosphate Backbone, 3 - Hydrogen Bonds.

Front

Define DNA replication.

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.

Front

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow replication.

Front

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is interphase?

Back

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division, including DNA replication and cell growth.

Front

What occurs during prophase?

Back

During prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.