Polygons on the Coordinate Plane

A polygon is a closed figure formed by a finite number of straight line segments connected end to end.

A rectangle is a polygon with four sides, where opposite sides are equal in length and all angles are right angles (90 degrees).

Use the distance formula: Distance = √((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²).

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Use the properties of rectangles: the fourth vertex can be found by ensuring opposite sides are equal and parallel.

Perimeter = 2(length + width).

Area = length × width.

A square is a special type of rectangle where all four sides are equal in length and all angles are right angles.

Use the properties of squares: all sides are equal and angles are right angles.