Final Exam Practice

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What is mitosis?

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Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

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What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

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The main difference is that mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse cells.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.

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What is the role of DNA replication in cell division?

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DNA replication is essential for cell division as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's genetic material.

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What is diffusion?

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Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

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What is an isotonic solution?

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An isotonic solution is one where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

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What are proteins made of?

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Proteins are made of amino acids, which contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N).