Unit 5B Test Review: Applications of Hypothesis Testing

Front

What is a null hypothesis (Ho)?

Back

A null hypothesis (Ho) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Back

An alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Rejecting the null hypothesis means that the evidence from the sample data is strong enough to conclude that the null hypothesis is not true.

Front

What does it mean to fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to conclude that the null hypothesis is false.

Front

What is a significance level (alpha)?

Back

The significance level (alpha) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What does a p-value less than alpha indicate?

Back

A p-value less than alpha indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

Front

What does a p-value greater than alpha indicate?

Back

A p-value greater than alpha indicates insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Front

What is a one-tailed test?

Back

A one-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates the direction of the effect, either greater than or less than a certain value.

Front

What is a two-tailed test?

Back

A two-tailed test is a hypothesis test that evaluates whether a parameter is significantly different from a certain value, without specifying a direction.