2024 Fall Semester Exam Review

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is a chloroplast?

Back

A chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that contains chlorophyll and is responsible for photosynthesis.

Front

What does semipermeable mean in relation to cell membranes?

Back

Semipermeable means that the cell membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Front

What role do cyclins play in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that bind to enzymes to signal the cell to progress through the stages of cell replication.

Front

What can uncontrolled production of cyclins lead to?

Back

Uncontrolled production of cyclins can lead to the formation of tumors.

Front

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

Back

The primary function of chloroplasts is to conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

Define enzyme inhibitor.

Back

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity, preventing it from catalyzing a reaction.

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzyme activity?

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts during a biochemical reaction.

Front

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Back

Temperature affects enzyme activity; generally, as temperature increases, enzyme activity increases until an optimal temperature is reached, after which activity declines.

Front

What is the significance of the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site of an enzyme is the region where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.