AP: Unit 0 & 1 Review Questions

Front

What are polar covalent bonds?

Back

Polar covalent bonds are a type of chemical bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other. An example is the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water.

Front

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Back

Water is considered a polar molecule because of its bent shape and the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen, leading to a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms.

Front

What is surface tension?

Back

Surface tension is the cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that causes it to behave like a stretched elastic membrane. It allows small objects, like some insects, to walk on water.

Front

What is hydrolysis?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound. It involves the addition of water to break covalent bonds, such as those in carbohydrates.

Front

What role does cholinesterase play in the body?

Back

Cholinesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, thereby terminating its action and allowing for proper nerve signal transmission.

Front

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Back

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which link together through peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

Front

What is the function of nucleotides in nucleic acids?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds, affecting their physical properties and health implications.

Front

What is a covalent bond?

Back

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Front

What is the significance of electronegativity in chemical bonding?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. It plays a crucial role in determining the type of bond (ionic or covalent) formed between atoms.