Survey Vs. Observational Study Vs. Experiment

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What is an Observational Study?

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An Observational Study is a research method where the researcher observes subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or intervention. It aims to gather data on behaviors or outcomes without influencing them.

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Example of an Observational Study.

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A librarian checking the top 100 checked out books to determine popular genres.

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What is a Survey?

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A Survey is a research method that involves asking people questions to gather information about their opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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Example of a Survey.

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A senator calling random constituents to ask their opinion on a bill.

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What is an Experiment?

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An Experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable, allowing for cause-and-effect conclusions.

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Example of an Experiment.

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A dog owner washing one dog with shampoo A and another with shampoo B to compare their fur.

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Key difference between Observational Study and Experiment.

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In an Observational Study, the researcher does not intervene or manipulate variables, while in an Experiment, the researcher actively manipulates variables to observe outcomes.

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When would you use a Survey instead of an Experiment?

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A Survey is used when gathering opinions or self-reported data is needed, and manipulation of variables is not possible or ethical.

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What is the purpose of an Observational Study?

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The purpose is to gather data on subjects' behaviors or characteristics in a natural setting without interference.

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What type of data is collected in a Survey?

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Surveys collect qualitative or quantitative data based on respondents' answers to questions.