Physical Science Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide

Front

What is conduction?

Back

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials. It occurs when faster-moving particles collide with slower-moving ones, transferring energy.

Front

What is convection?

Back

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). It occurs when warmer, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating a circulation pattern.

Front

What is radiation?

Back

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. It does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum.

Front

What are crumple zones in vehicle design?

Back

Crumple zones are areas of a vehicle designed to deform and absorb energy during a collision, reducing the force transmitted to passengers.

Front

How do you convert grams to kilograms?

Back

To convert grams to kilograms, divide the number of grams by 1000. For example, 250 grams is 0.25 kilograms.

Front

What is internal energy?

Back

Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, including kinetic and potential energy of the particles.

Front

What does it mean when a system does positive work on the surroundings?

Back

When a system does positive work on the surroundings, it means that energy is being transferred from the system to the surroundings, often resulting in a decrease in internal energy.

Front

What is the formula for calculating work done?

Back

Work done (W) is calculated using the formula W = F × d, where F is the force applied and d is the distance moved in the direction of the force.

Front

What is the relationship between mass and weight?

Back

Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object, calculated as Weight = mass × gravitational acceleration (W = mg).

Front

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Back

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.