Atmosphere

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What is the atmosphere?

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The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth, held in place by gravity. It is essential for life, providing oxygen, protecting from harmful solar radiation, and regulating temperature.

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What are the main gases in the atmosphere?

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The main gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (0.93%), along with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor.

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What is the troposphere?

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The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where we live. It extends from the Earth's surface up to about 8-15 kilometers and contains most of the atmosphere's mass, including weather phenomena.

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What is the stratosphere?

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The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere, located above the troposphere. It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation.

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What is the ozone layer?

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The ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) molecules. It protects living organisms by absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

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What is the mesosphere?

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The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere, located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It is where most meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.

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What is the thermosphere?

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The thermosphere is the fourth layer of the atmosphere, characterized by high temperatures due to the absorption of intense solar radiation. It is where the auroras occur and is also home to the International Space Station.

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What is air pressure?

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Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air above a given point. It decreases with altitude, meaning that air pressure is higher at sea level and lower at higher elevations.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

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What is the role of water vapor in the atmosphere?

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Water vapor is an important component of the atmosphere that contributes to weather and climate. It is responsible for cloud formation, precipitation, and the greenhouse effect.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

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What is the greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect is a natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, keeping the Earth warm enough to support life. However, excessive greenhouse gases can lead to global warming.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-5