Honors Chem: Acids & Bases

Front

What is an acid-base conjugate pair?

Back

An acid-base conjugate pair consists of two species that differ by one proton (H+). The acid donates a proton, while the conjugate base is what remains after the acid has lost a proton.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

What is the relationship between pH and pOH?

Back

pH + pOH = 14. This relationship shows that as the acidity of a solution increases (lower pH), the basicity decreases (higher pOH), and vice versa.

Front

What ion is more prevalent in a basic solution?

Back

In a basic solution, the hydroxide ion (OH-) is more prevalent.

Front

What is a characteristic property of acids?

Back

Acids typically have a sour taste and can turn blue litmus paper red.

Front

What is a characteristic property of bases?

Back

Bases typically have a bitter taste and can turn red litmus paper blue.

Front

How do you calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration?

Back

pH = -log[H+]. For example, if [H+] = 1 x 10^-2 mol/L, then pH = 2.

Front

What is the significance of a pH of 7?

Back

A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, meaning it is neither acidic nor basic.

Front

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acid is added?

Back

When an acid is added to a solution, the pH decreases, indicating an increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

Front

What is the formula for calculating pOH?

Back

pOH = -log[OH-]. This formula is used to determine the basicity of a solution.