DNA. RNA, and Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. It is involved in translating the genetic information from DNA into proteins.

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What is the function of mRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the role of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the coded mRNA sequence.

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What is the function of rRNA?

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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

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What is an anticodon?

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An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a codon in mRNA.

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What is the role of RNA polymerase?

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RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.