Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U).

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA sequence to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) using ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons in the mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription by unwinding the DNA and adding RNA nucleotides.