AP Stats: Semester 1 Exam Review

Front

What are residuals in statistics?

Back

Residuals are the difference between the observed response and the values predicted by the model.

Front

How do you calculate relative frequency?

Back

Relative frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times an event occurs by the total number of trials.

Front

What is the formula for standard error of the mean?

Back

Standard error (SE) = s / √n, where s is the standard deviation and n is the sample size.

Front

What is a stratified sample?

Back

A stratified sample is selected by dividing the population into subgroups and then taking a fixed number of units from each group.

Front

What is the main advantage of experiments over observational studies?

Back

Experiments can draw better conclusions about causation.

Front

Define mean in statistics.

Back

Mean is the average of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.

Front

What is standard deviation?

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Front

What is a bar graph used for?

Back

A bar graph is used to display and compare the frequency, count, or other measures (like mean) for different categories.

Front

What does a p-value indicate in hypothesis testing?

Back

A p-value indicates the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

Back

The control group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the treatment or intervention.