Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Flashcard

Front

What is deductive reasoning?

Back

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is reached by applying general principles to specific cases. It starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion.

Front

What is inductive reasoning?

Back

Inductive reasoning is a logical process where generalizations are made based on specific observations or examples. It involves looking for patterns and making predictions based on those patterns.

Front

What is a hypothesis in a conditional statement?

Back

The hypothesis is the 'if' part of a conditional statement. It is the condition that must be met for the conclusion to be true.

Front

What is a conclusion in a conditional statement?

Back

The conclusion is the 'then' part of a conditional statement. It is the result or outcome that follows if the hypothesis is true.

Front

What is the inverse of a conditional statement?

Back

The inverse of a conditional statement 'If P, then Q' is 'If not P, then not Q.' It negates both the hypothesis and the conclusion.

Front

Provide an example of deductive reasoning.

Back

If all mammals have lungs (general statement) and a whale is a mammal (specific case), then a whale has lungs (specific conclusion).

Front

Provide an example of inductive reasoning.

Back

The sun has risen in the east every day of my life. Therefore, I conclude that the sun will rise in the east tomorrow.

Front

What is a valid conclusion in deductive reasoning?

Back

A valid conclusion in deductive reasoning is one that logically follows from the premises. For example, if 'If it rains, then the ground is wet' and 'It is raining,' the valid conclusion is 'The ground is wet.'

Front

What is a counterexample?

Back

A counterexample is an example that disproves a statement or proposition. It shows that the statement is not universally true.

Front

What is a conditional statement?

Back

A conditional statement is an 'if-then' statement that expresses a relationship between two propositions, where one proposition implies the other.