Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of amino acids, forming a protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is the role of rRNA?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Front

What base pairs with adenine (A) in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U).

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

Where does transcription occur in a cell?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

Where does translation occur in a cell?

Back

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically on ribosomes.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.