DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis - quick midterm review

Front

What is the role of DNA in the cell?

Back

DNA controls the production of proteins in the cell.

Front

When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?

Back

Before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions.

Front

What is the structure of DNA after replication?

Back

Two molecules, each with one original and one new strand.

Front

What do the letters in a DNA molecule represent?

Back

Nitrogen bases.

Front

Why can bacteria produce human proteins?

Back

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

Nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

Front

What is the function of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger that carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).