Front

What is the electron transport chain?

Back

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across the membrane.

Front

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

Back

The primary function of the electron transport chain is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation by creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Front

What is produced as electrons travel down the electron transport chain?

Back

Energy is released as electrons travel down the electron transport chain.

Front

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

Back

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the process to continue by preventing the backup of electrons.

Front

What happens if there is no oxygen present in the electron transport chain?

Back

If there is no oxygen, there would be nowhere for electrons to go after passing through the ETC proteins, leading to a halt in ATP production.

Front

What is ATP synthase and its role in the electron transport chain?

Back

ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, using the energy from the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain.

Front

What process enables ATP synthase to function?

Back

Facilitated diffusion of protons (H+) through ATP synthase enables it to function and produce ATP.

Front

What is the significance of the proton gradient in the electron transport chain?

Back

The proton gradient created by the electron transport chain is essential for ATP production, as it drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.

Front

What are NADH and FADH2 in the context of the electron transport chain?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that donate electrons to the electron transport chain, facilitating the production of ATP.

Front

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Back

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of ATP production that occurs in the mitochondria, involving the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.