2023 Fall Semester Exam Review

Front

What is cellular respiration?

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

Front

What is photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

Front

What is the main difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Back

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down glucose, while photosynthesis captures energy to produce glucose.

Front

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of four main stages: G1 (growth), S (synthesis), G2 (preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis).

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along a concentration gradient.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP) to move molecules into or out of the cell.

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is codominance in genetics?

Back

Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute equally and visibly to the phenotype.

Front

What is incomplete dominance?

Back

Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a new phenotype that is a blend of the two.

Front

What is polygenic inheritance?

Back

Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance where multiple genes influence a trait, leading to a continuous range of phenotypes.