DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis-Academic

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, occurring in the nucleus before cell division.

Front

What does semiconservative replication mean?

Back

Semiconservative replication means that each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Front

What is gel electrophoresis used for?

Back

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis of genetic material.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into a specific amino acid sequence.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which then carries the code for protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).