Thermal Equilibrium

Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two objects in contact with each other do not exchange heat, meaning they are at the same temperature.

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) caused by differences in temperature and density.

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, where heat moves from the hotter object to the cooler one.

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, which can occur in a vacuum.

Heat always flows from hot to cold objects.

Warm air rises because it is less dense than cooler air, which sinks.

An example of conduction is a metal spoon getting hot when placed in a pot of boiling water.

An example of convection is the warm air rising from a heater and circulating around a room.

An example of radiation is feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin.

Heat transfers from an area of high temperature to an area of low temperature.