AP Biology Unit 2 Review

Front

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The endosymbiotic theory proposes that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

Front

What is the definition of volume in biology?

Back

Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies.

Front

What is the term for the part of a phospholipid that is attracted to water?

Back

Hydrophilic.

Front

What is the role of surface area in nutrient absorption?

Back

The absorption of nutrients is determined by the cell's surface area; a larger surface area allows for more efficient absorption.

Front

What does selectively permeable mean in relation to plasma membranes?

Back

Selectively permeable means that the membrane regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

What is the significance of prokaryotic DNA in supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The similarity of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA to prokaryotic DNA suggests a common evolutionary origin.

Front

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

Back

Hydrophilic substances are attracted to water, while hydrophobic substances repel water.