Fall Final Exam Review

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A point mutation where one nucleotide base replaces an original nucleotide base.

Front

Where are proteins produced in a cell?

Back

Proteins are produced at the ribosome.

Front

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Back

The cell loses water and may shrink due to the higher concentration of solutes outside the cell.

Front

What is the product of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

The product of translation is an amino acid chain.

Front

What does it mean for an enzyme to denature?

Back

Denaturation is the process where changes in pH and temperature cause an enzyme to lose its shape, affecting its function.

Front

Define a point mutation.

Back

A mutation that involves a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the organelles where protein synthesis occurs.

Front

What is a hypotonic solution?

Back

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell, causing the cell to swell.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA to mRNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.