Punnett squares

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring from two parents based on their genotypes.

Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, represented by letters (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).

Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both.

The phenotype is red flowers.

The phenotype is white flowers.

The expected phenotype ratio is 3:1 (3 dominant: 1 recessive).

The expected genotype ratio is 1:2:1 (1 AA: 2 Aa: 1 aa).

The purpose of a Punnett square is to visualize and calculate the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.

AA represents a homozygous dominant genotype.