Biology FALL Semester Day 2 Review 24-25

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between a lysogenic and a lytic infection?

Back

A lysogenic infection allows the virus to integrate into the host DNA and remain inactive for a period, while a lytic infection leads to the immediate production of new viruses and destruction of the host cell.

Front

What is the function of an enzyme?

Back

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is complementary DNA?

Back

Complementary DNA is the strand of DNA that pairs with another strand according to base pairing rules (A-T, C-G).

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

Front

What is the role of the active site in an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What are products in a chemical reaction?

Back

Products are the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the significance of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is essential for cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the DNA.