Biology Semester 1 Review

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are the four bases of DNA?

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The four bases of DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

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In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

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Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

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What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a process of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins.

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

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What is osmosis?

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is a hypertonic solution?

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A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to the movement of water out of cells.

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What is exocytosis?

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Exocytosis is the process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

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What is endocytosis?

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Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf external substances, bringing them into the cell.