Honors Bio Final Review

Front

What is the trophic pyramid and how does energy flow through it?

Back

The trophic pyramid is a graphical representation of the energy flow in an ecosystem, showing the levels of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Energy decreases as you move up the pyramid, with producers (like algae) at the base having the most energy, and top predators (like bears) at the top having the least.

Front

What occurs during interphase in the cell cycle?

Back

During interphase, a cell grows, duplicates its organelles, and copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.

Front

What class of macromolecules is primarily responsible for muscle contraction?

Back

Proteins are the class of macromolecules that are primarily involved in muscle contraction.

Front

What reaction provides chemical energy for cellular functions?

Back

The reaction ADP + P → ATP provides chemical energy for most cellular functions.

Front

What happens in the second step of the lock-and-key model of enzyme function?

Back

In the second step of the lock-and-key model, the substrate begins to bind to the enzyme.

Front

Define producers in an ecosystem.

Back

Producers are organisms that can make their own food, typically through photosynthesis, and form the base of the food chain.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

Explain the significance of ATP in cellular processes.

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction and active transport.

Front

What is the difference between ADP and ATP?

Back

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) has two phosphate groups, while ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has three. ATP is the energy-rich form, while ADP is the lower-energy form.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.