AP Biology Unit 4 Review: Cell Communication & Cell Cycle

Front

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

Back

Signal receptors are proteins on the surface of target cells that bind to specific signal molecules, allowing the cell to respond to the signal.

Front

An example of LOCAL cell communication is:

Back

Neurons communicating across a synapse, where neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another.

Front

What is long distance signaling in animals called?

Back

Endocrine signaling, which involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to reach distant target cells.

Front

What is the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Back

G1 -> S -> G2 -> Mitosis -> Cytokinesis.

Front

What is a G protein?

Back

A G protein is a protein located on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane that relays signals from activated receptors to other proteins inside the cell.

Front

What is the role of phosphorylation in cell signaling?

Back

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, which can change the protein's activity and function, often activating or deactivating signaling pathways.

Front

What is the difference between paracrine and endocrine signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling involves local cell communication where signals affect nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells.

Front

What are gap junctions?

Back

Gap junctions are specialized intercellular connections that allow direct communication between adjacent cells through channels that permit the passage of ions and small molecules.

Front

What is the function of cAMP in cell signaling?

Back

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a secondary messenger that transmits signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is the significance of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle is crucial for cell growth, replication, and division, ensuring that genetic material is accurately copied and distributed to daughter cells.