Long Bone and Microscopic Bone Anatomy

Front

What is the periosteum?

Back

The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. It serves as a protective layer and provides a surface for the attachment of muscles and tendons.

Front

What is articular cartilage?

Back

Articular cartilage is a smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. It helps reduce friction and absorb shock in the joints.

Front

What are Central (Haversian) canals?

Back

Central (Haversian) canals are microscopic tubes in the bone that contain blood vessels and nerves. They are part of the osteon structure and play a crucial role in the nourishment and communication within bone tissue.

Front

What is spongy bone?

Back

Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is a type of bone that has a porous, honeycomb structure. It is lighter than compact bone and is found at the ends of long bones and in the interiors of others, providing strength and support.

Front

What is the medullary cavity?

Back

The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where red and yellow bone marrow is stored. It plays a crucial role in the production of blood cells and fat storage.

Front

What is the diaphysis?

Back

The diaphysis is the long, tubular shaft of a long bone. It is primarily composed of compact bone and provides strength and support to the bone.

Front

What is the epiphysis?

Back

The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft. It is covered with articular cartilage and contains spongy bone.

Front

What are osteons?

Back

Osteons, or Haversian systems, are the structural units of compact bone. They consist of concentric layers of bone matrix and contain a central canal for blood vessels and nerves.

Front

What are perforating (Volkmann's) canals?

Back

Perforating (Volkmann's) canals are channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and that communicate with the Haversian canals.

Front

What is the function of the periosteum?

Back

The periosteum serves multiple functions including protection of the bone, providing a surface for muscle attachment, and housing blood vessels and nerves that nourish the bone.