Recovery Time for Each Energy System

The duration required for each energy system to recover after exertion.

Function of Energy Systems

To produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to make muscles contract and allows participation in exercise.

Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleotide (adenosine) with three (tri) phosphates attached to it.

A diagram showing the conversion of ATP to ADP with energy release.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the myosin cross-bridges. Energy is locked in the bond. When energy is needed, ATPase splits the bonds, resulting in Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP), energy, and a phosphate (P).

ATP storage in skeletal muscle

ATP is not stored in large amounts in skeletal muscle and must be continually made from ADP for muscle contraction.

Number of energy systems for ATP production

There are three energy systems that the body uses to produce ATP.

Fastest energy systems

The fastest systems are used more frequently.

Phosphocreatine System

The energy system that supplies the majority of ATP at the onset of exercise, also known as the creatine phosphate system.

Anaerobic energy system

Produces ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Phosphocreatine (PC) composition

Composed of a phosphate and a creatine molecule

Energy release in the phosphocreatine system

Occurs when the bond between phosphate and creatine is broken.

Use of energy in the phosphocreatine system

Used to form the bond between ADP and a phosphate group

Alternative name for the phosphocreatine system

Also known as the ATP-PC system

Breakdown of ATP into ADP and a floating phosphate

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is formed when adenosine triphosphate (ATP) loses a phosphate group, resulting in a floating phosphate.

The breakdown of creatine phosphate releases energy to rebuild ATP from ADP.

The energy released from the breakdown of creatine phosphate is used to add the phosphate back onto the ADP to rebuild ATP.

ATP and PC system usage

The ATP and PC system is best for explosive single actions like golf swings, tennis shots, football strikes, boxing punches, and lifting a weight (1 rep).

Energy sources for maximal activities

Blood glucose or glycogen are used for maximal or submaximal activities.

The concentration of glucose that is transported in the blood to supply energy to the body. It is derived from our diet and acts as the primary source of energy.

Glycogen is mainly stored in the muscles, with additional storage in the liver, where it is broken down into glucose. This serves as the main energy source for the lactic acid system.

Maintained between 4.0 and 5.4 mmol/L. This regulation occurs when the pancreas releases glucagon, which helps the liver release glucose.

Fat is stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglycerides.

Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.

Fat contains three fatty acid chains connected to glycerol.

Triglycerides consist of three fatty acid chains linked to glycerol.

In the body, some fatty acids can be converted to glucose.

Fatty acids can be converted to glucose in the body.

Fatty acids contain many high-energy bonds.

When fatty acids enter the Krebs cycle, more energy is released to produce ATP.

Requirement for breaking down fatty acids.

Oxygen is needed to break down fatty acids.

Alternative energy source when oxygen is unavailable.

Glycogen is used instead to create energy.

Effect of lactic acid on fatty acid conversion.

Lactic acid makes it harder for the body to convert fatty acids into energy.

Diagram of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

Illustrates the structural differences between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

PC and its storage location

Phosphocreatine, stored in muscles

Description of blood glucose

Blood glucose is the sugar transported in the bloodstream to supply energy to all cells in the body.

Description of Glycogen

Glycogen is a stored form of glucose, primarily found in the liver and muscles.

Energy Systems in Human Physiology Flashcards

Student preview

61 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Energy sources include stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, blood glucose, glycogen, and fatty acids.

Back

Various sources of energy utilized by the body during physical activity.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

ATP-PC system

Back

A short-term energy system that uses adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lactate System (Glycolysis)

Back

An energy system that breaks down glucose for energy without the need for oxygen.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The aerobic system involves aerobic glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and the role of mitochondria.

Back

A long-term energy system that relies on oxygen to produce energy.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

ATP yield for each energy system

Back

Different energy systems produce varying amounts of ATP.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Energy System Continuum

Back

A model that describes the interplay between different energy systems during physical activity.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA)

Back

The point during exercise at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood.

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