APES Semester Exam Review

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What is Type III survivorship?

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Type III survivorship describes organisms with a high death rate (or low survivorship rate) immediately following birth. Examples include bacteria, fishes, and invertebrates.

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where no soil exists, such as after a volcanic eruption or glacier retreat.

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What is the difference between an environmentalist and an environmental scientist?

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An environmentalist follows a belief system; an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science.

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where soil already exists, typically after a disturbance like a fire or flood.

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Why are sea otters important to kelp forests?

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Sea otters are crucial to ecosystems because they feed on sea urchins, which can be harmful to kelp forests.

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What is a climax community?

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A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached a steady state after a series of ecological succession.

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What role do lichens play in primary succession?

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Lichens are often the first organisms to colonize bare rock in primary succession, helping to create soil.

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What is the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

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Biodiversity enhances ecosystem productivity, stability, and resilience, allowing ecosystems to better withstand environmental changes.

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What are abiotic factors?

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Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

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What are biotic factors?

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Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.