AP Stats Review Flashcard B Day

Front

What is the definition of standard deviation?

Back

Standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

Front

What does it mean for a value to be +2 deviations from the mean?

Back

A value that is +2 deviations from the mean is located two standard deviations above the mean in a normal distribution. It represents a point where approximately 97.5% of the data falls below it.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the mean?

Back

Mean = (Sum of all values) / (Number of values).

Front

What is a cluster sampling method?

Back

Cluster sampling is a sampling technique where the population is divided into clusters (groups), and a random sample of these clusters is selected. All individuals within the chosen clusters are then surveyed.

Front

How do you calculate the probability of a sample mean?

Back

To calculate the probability of a sample mean, use the Central Limit Theorem, which states that the distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normal if the sample size is large enough. The formula is: P(X̄ > μ) = 1 - P(Z < (X̄ - μ) / (σ/√n)).

Front

What is the Central Limit Theorem?

Back

The Central Limit Theorem states that the distribution of the sample means will approach a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

Front

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

Back

A population includes all members of a specified group, while a sample is a subset of the population selected for analysis.

Front

What is the definition of a fraction in statistics?

Back

A fraction in statistics represents a part of a whole, often used to describe the proportion of a subset within a population.

Front

What does it mean for a sample to be representative?

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A representative sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn, allowing for valid inferences to be made.

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What is the significance of a p-value in hypothesis testing?

Back

A p-value indicates the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A low p-value suggests that the null hypothesis may be rejected.