Final review 2

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are organelles that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

Define natural selection.

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is the significance of the number 23 in human genetics?

Back

Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which contain the genetic information necessary for development and functioning.

Front

How many amino acids are coded by a sequence of 12 nucleotides?

Back

A sequence of 12 nucleotides codes for 4 amino acids, as each amino acid is coded by a triplet of nucleotides.

Front

What environmental factor contributed to the increase of pale Peppered Moths in urban areas?

Back

The reduction in air pollution allowed the pale Peppered Moths to become more common again, as their coloration provided better camouflage against lighter surfaces.

Front

What is overproduction in the context of natural selection?

Back

Overproduction refers to the phenomenon where organisms produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition for resources.

Front

Explain the term 'mutation' in genetics.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits among individuals.

Front

What does 'carrying capacity' mean in an ecosystem?

Back

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support.

Front

What role does the nucleus play in a cell?

Back

The nucleus is the organelle that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Front

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.