Dominant and Recessive Traits Flashcard

Front

What are alleles?

Back

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Front

What does homozygous mean?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., YY or yy).

Front

What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Yy).

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype when present, even if only one copy is present.

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is an allele that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies are present (homozygous condition).

Front

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Back

The genotype determines the phenotype; however, the phenotype can also be influenced by environmental factors.

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

Front

What is the significance of the letter 'Y' in pea plant genetics?

Back

In pea plant genetics, 'Y' typically represents the dominant allele for yellow seeds.