2024 Semester Exam

Front

What are external regulators of the cell cycle?

Back

External regulators are molecules that signal cells to either divide or not divide. An example is growth factors.

Front

What happens to an animal cell in fresh water?

Back

The cell will burst because water moves into the cell due to osmotic pressure.

Front

What determines the characteristics of an organism?

Back

The characteristics are determined by genes and environmental conditions.

Front

What is released as a byproduct during light-dependent reactions?

Back

Oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Front

What are biological catalysts?

Back

Biological catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms, primarily enzymes.

Front

Define 'growth factors'.

Back

Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division and growth.

Front

What is osmotic pressure?

Back

Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Front

What role do enzymes play in biological processes?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions in the body.

Front

What is the significance of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Back

They convert light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH.

Front

Explain the term 'genes'.

Back

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, which determine traits.